CONF millan:2006:iac/IDIAP Prospects on Brain-Machine Interfaces for Space System Control Menon, C. de Negueruela, Christina Millán, José del R. Tonet, O. Carpi, F. Broschart, M. Ferrez, Pierre W. Buttfield, Anna Dario, P. Citi, L. Laschi, C. Tombini, M. Sepulveda, F. Poli, R. Palaniappan, R. Tecchio, F. Rossini, P. M. de Rossi, D. EXTERNAL http://publications.idiap.ch/attachments/reports/2006/millan_2006_iac.pdf PUBLIC Proceedings of the 57th International Astronautical Conference 2006 Valencia, Spain July 2006 The dream of controlling and guiding computer-based systems using human brain signals has slowly but steadily become a reality. The available technology allows real-time implementation of systems that measure neuronal activity, convert their signals, and translate their output for the purpose of controlling mechanical systems. This paper describes the state of the art of non-invasive BMIs and critically investigates both the current technological limits and the future potential that BMIs have for space applications. We present an assessment of the advantages that BMIs can provide and justify the preferred candidate concepts for space applications together with a vision of future directions for their implementation.