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	<record>
		<datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">CONF</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="970" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Moerland-95.1/IDIAP</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">The Effects of Optical Thresholding in Backpropagation Neural Networks</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Moerland, Perry</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Fiesler, Emile</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Saxena, Indu</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Fogelman-Soulié, F.</subfield>
			<subfield code="e">Ed.</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Gallinari, P.</subfield>
			<subfield code="e">Ed.</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="711" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">ENNS - Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN'95 and NeuroNimes'95)</subfield>
			<subfield code="c">Paris, France</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="773" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="v">2</subfield>
			<subfield code="c">339-343</subfield>
			<subfield code="z">2-910085-19-8</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="c">1995</subfield>
			<subfield code="b">EC2 &amp; Cie</subfield>
			<subfield code="a">Paris La Défense, France</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Sigmoid-like activation functions implemented in analog hardware differ in various ways from the standard sigmoidal function as they are asymmetric, truncated, and have a non-standard gain. It is demonstrated how one can adapt the backpropagation learning rule to compensate for these non-standard sigmoids as available in hardware. This method is applied to multilayer neural networks with all-optical forward propagation and liquid crystal light valves (LCLV) as optical thresholding devices. In this paper the results of software simulations of a backpropagation neural network with five different LCLV activation functions are presented and it is shown that the adapted learning rule performs well with these LCLV curves</subfield>
		</datafield>
	</record>
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