REPORT Garner_Idiap-RR-11-2013/IDIAP Statistical models for HMM/ANN hybrids Garner, Philip N. Imseng, David EXTERNAL http://publications.idiap.ch/attachments/reports/2013/Garner_Idiap-RR-11-2013.pdf PUBLIC Idiap-RR-11-2013 2013 Idiap April 2013 We present a theoretical investigation into the use of normalised artificial neural network (ANN) outputs in the context of hidden Markov models (HMMs). The work is motivated by the pursuit of a more theoretically rigorous understanding of the Kullback-Liebler (KL)-HMM. Two possible models are considered based respectively on the HMM states storing categorical distributions and Dirichlet distributions. Training and recognition algorithms are derived, and possible relationships with KL-HMM are briefly discussed.