%Aigaion2 BibTeX export from Idiap Publications
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@ARTICLE{Chingovska_IEEETIFSSI_2015,
         author = {Chingovska, Ivana and Anjos, Andr{\'{e}}},
       keywords = {Biometric Verification, Counter-Measures, Counter-Spoofing, Liveness Detection, Replay, Spoofing Attacks},
       projects = {Idiap},
          title = {On the use of client identity information for face anti-spoofing},
        journal = {IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Special Issue on Biometric Anti-spoofing},
         volume = {10},
         number = {4},
           year = {2015},
          pages = {787-796},
       abstract = {With biometrics playing the role of a password which can
not be replaced if stolen, the necessity of establishing counter-
measures to biometric spoofing attacks has been recognized.
Regardless of the biometric mode, the typical approach of
anti-spoofing systems is to classify biometric evidence based
on features discriminating between real accesses and spoofing
attacks. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge,
this paper studies the amount of client-specific information
within these features and how it affects the performance of
anti-spoofing systems. We make use of this information to
build two client-specific anti-spoofing solutions, one relying
on a generative and another one on a discriminative paradigm.
The proposed methods, tested on a set of state-of-the-art anti-
spoofing features for the face mode, outperform the client-
independent approaches with up to 50\% relative improvement
and exhibit better generalization capabilities on unseen types
of spoofing attacks.},
            pdf = {https://publications.idiap.ch/attachments/papers/2015/Chingovska_IEEETIFSSI_2015.pdf}
}