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@TECHREPORT{Chingovska_Idiap-RR-18-2020,
         author = {Chingovska, Ivana and Erdogmus, Nesli and Anjos, Andr{\'{e}} and Marcel, S{\'{e}}bastien},
       projects = {Idiap},
          month = {9},
          title = {Face Recognition Systems Under Spoofing Attacks},
           type = {Idiap-RR},
         number = {Idiap-RR-18-2020},
           year = {2020},
    institution = {Idiap},
           note = {Submitted for as a book-chapter for:  Face Recognition Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum (Springer)},
       abstract = {In this chapter we give an overview of spoofing attacks and spoofing
counter-measures for face recognition systems, in particular in a verification sce-
nario. We focus on 2D and 3D attacks to Visible Spectrum systems (VIS), as well
as Near Infrared (NIR) and multispectral systems. We cover the existing types of
spoofing attacks and report on their success to bypass several state-of-the-art face
verification systems. The results on two different face spoofing databases with VIS
attacks and one newly developed face spoofing database with VIS and NIR attacks,
show that spoofing attacks present a significant security threat for face verification
systems in any part of the spectrum. The risk is partially reduced when using mul-
tispectral systems. We also give a systematic overview of the existing anti-spoofing
techniques, with an analysis of their advantages and limitations and prospectives for
future work.},
            pdf = {https://publications.idiap.ch/attachments/reports/2015/Chingovska_Idiap-RR-18-2020.pdf}
}