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@ARTICLE{Ram_IEEETASLP_2018,
         author = {Ram, Dhananjay and Asaei, Afsaneh and Bourlard, Herv{\'{e}}},
       projects = {PHASER-QUAD},
          title = {Sparse Subspace Modeling for Query by Example Spoken Term Detection},
        journal = {IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing},
           year = {2018},
       abstract = {This paper focuses on the problem of query by example spoken term detection (QbE-STD) in zero-resource scenario. Current state-of-the-art approaches to tackle this problem rely on dynamic programming based template matching techniques using phone posterior features extracted at the output of a deep neural network (DNN). Previously, it has been shown that the space of phone posteriors is highly structured, as a union of low-dimensional subspaces. To exploit the temporal and sparse structure of the speech data, we investigate here three different QbE-STD systems based on sparse model recovery. More specifically, we use query examples to model the query subspace using dictionary for sparse coding. Reconstruction errors calculated using sparse representation of feature vectors are then used to characterize the underlying subspaces. The first approach uses these reconstruction errors in a dynamic programming framework to detect the spoken query, resulting in a much faster search compared to standard template matching. The other two methods aim at merging template matching and sparsity based approaches to further improve the performance. The first one proposes to regularize the template matching local distances using sparse reconstruction errors. The second approach aims at using the sparse reconstruction errors to rescore (improve) the template matching likelihood. Experiments on two different databases (AMI and MediaEval) show that the proposed hybrid systems perform better than a highly competitive QbE-STD baseline system.},
            pdf = {https://publications.idiap.ch/attachments/papers/2018/Ram_IEEETASLP_2018.pdf}
}