<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
	<record>
		<datafield tag="980" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">ARTICLE</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="970" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Lehmann_DIABETESCARE_2025/IDIAP</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="245" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Listening to Hypoglycemia: Voice as a Biomarker for Detection of a Medical Emergency Using Machine Learning</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Lehmann, Vera</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Hilpert, Martin</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Mostaani, Zohreh</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Hovsepyan, Sevada</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Wallace, Esmé</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Verzat, Colombine</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Feuerriegel, Stefan</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Kraus, Mathias</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Rosenthal, James</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Yilmaz, Gürkan</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Magimai-Doss, Mathew</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="700" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">Stettler, Christoph</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="653" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">detection</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="653" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">hypoglycemia</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="653" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">machine learning</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="653" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">noninvasive</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="653" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">voice</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="773" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="p">Diabetes Care</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="c">2025</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-1680</subfield>
			<subfield code="2">doi</subfield>
		</datafield>
		<datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
			<subfield code="a">OBJECTIVE
Hypoglycemia is a hazardous diabetes-related emergency. We aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) approach for noninvasive hypoglycemia detection using voice data.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We collected voice data (540 recordings) with a smartphone in standardized euglycemia and hypoglycemia in two sequential clinical studies in people with type 1 diabetes. Using these data, we trained and evaluated an ML approach to detect hypoglycemia solely based on voice features.

RESULTS
Twenty-two individuals were included (11 female, age 37.3 ± 12.4 years, HbA1c 7.1 ± 0.5%). The ML approach detected hypoglycemia noninvasively with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.90 ± 0.12 for reading a text aloud and 0.87 ± 0.15 for rapid repetition of syllables [diadochokinetic task]).

CONCLUSIONS
An ML approach exclusively based on voice data allows for noninvasive hypoglycemia detection, corroborating the potential of ML-based approaches to infer acute health states through voice</subfield>
		</datafield>
	</record>
</collection>