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@INPROCEEDINGS{millan:2003:ijcai,
                      author = {Mill{\'{a}}n, Jos{\'{e}} del R. and Renkens, F. and Mouri{\~{n}}o, J. and Gerstner, W.},
                    projects = {Idiap},
                       month = {8},
                       title = {Non-Invasive Brain-Actuated Control of a Mobile Robot},
                   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
                        year = {2003},
                     address = {Acapulco, Mexico},
                    abstract = {Recent experiments have shown the near possibility to use the brain electrical activity to directly control the movement of robotics or prosthetic devices. In this paper we report results with a portable non-invasive brain-computer interface that makes possible the continuous control of a mobile robot in a house-like environment. The interface uses 8 surface electrodes to measure electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from which a statistical classifier recognizes 3 different mental states. Until now, brain-actuated control of robots has relied on invasive approaches-requiring surgical implantation of electrodes-since EEG-based systems have been considered too slow for controlling rapid and complex sequences of movements. Here we show that, after a few days of training, two human subjects successfully moved a robot between several rooms by mental control only. Furthermore, mental control was only marginally worse than manual control on the same task.},
                         pdf = {https://publications.idiap.ch/attachments/reports/2003/millan_2003_ijcai.pdf},
ipdmembership={learning},
}